J Anat. Morphological variations of middle ear ossicles and its clinical implications. J Clin Diagn Res. A rare stapes abnormality. Case Rep Otolaryngol. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page.
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I Accept Show Purposes. Table of Contents View All. Table of Contents. Associated Conditions. The Function of the Auditory Ossicles. How Your Hearing Works. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Sign Up. What are your concerns? Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles.
Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Related Articles. Anatomy of the Middle Ear. What Is Stapedectomy? Anatomy of the Stapes. Incus: Anatomy, Function, and Treatment. Malleus: Anatomy, Function, and Treatment. Retracted Ear Drum Symptoms and Treatment.
The Anatomy of the Ear. Anatomy and Function of the Cochlea. The incus moves the stapes, and is in turn moved by the malleus. The incus has a body, a short crus, and a long crus. The long crus curves medially, ending at the lenticular process, wich articulates with the stapes. The short crus points backwards. The tip of the short crus is tethered to the wall of the tympanic cavity here, by the posterior ligament of the incus.
On the front of the body of the incus there's a saddle-shaped joint surface, at which the incus articulates with the malleus. Here's the joint surface. We'll add the malleus to the picture, together with the ligaments that hold it in place, and the bone those ligaments are attached to.
We've already seen that this part of the malleus that hangs downwards, the handle or manubrium, is attached to the tympanic membrane. In the dry bone, this is the manubrium. This is the head of the malleus.
This joint surface, facing backwards, articulates with the incus. The malleus is suspended by two ligaments which are attached here behind, and here in front.
This is the anterior ligament, this is the posterior one. The two ligaments are in line with each other. The malleus makes a rotating movement through just a few degrees, around an axis of rotation that's in line with the anterior and posterior ligaments. There's very little movement at the joint between the malleus and the incus.
The two bones move together. The movement of the lenticular process causes a tilting movement of the stapes. Movement of the stapes is restrained by the action of the stapedius muscle. Movement of the malleus is restrained in a similar way by a second small muscle, the tensor tympani. What major roles does RNA play in the body? Where exactly is DNA found in the body?
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